Minecoins, which are present in all Bedrock editions of Minecraft, could only be purchased with real money and are used to purchase cosmetic items, such as texture packs and character skins. Rubies could be earned through gameplay or purchased with real money, and could be used to purchase items that affect gameplay such as 'build plates'. The game had two in-game currencies: 'rubies' and 'minecoins'.

Minecraft Earth included many different kinds of in-game entities called 'mobs' that are exclusive variations of the mobs in Minecraft. Minecraft Earth considers physical objects such as trees and lakes so there are fewer incidents and interferences with the AR simulation. Players could gather resources by collecting 'tappables' in the in-game map and by completing 'adventures' which may be a puzzle, a specific task, or a virtual location with hostile entities to defeat. In both Build mode and Play mode, the buildplates were overlayed onto the real world using augmented reality (AR) and the built-in phone camera. In 'build mode', players could build augmented reality structures on 'Buildplates' in collaboration with other players, then explore them in full size with 'play mode'.

The game utilized the same Bedrock game engine as other versions of Minecraft. Similar to Minecraft, Minecraft Earth was centered around building structures, gathering resources, crafting, and exploration.

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